Propolis: A powerhouse defence against bugs and inflammation

In print
Education

Propolis: A powerhouse defence against bugs and inflammation

Phil Rasmussen
Bee in garden
Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from plant buds and fluids, and mixed with bee enzymes, pollen and wax

Propolis, a bee-derived compound, is gaining greater attention for its effective anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties, writes Phil Rasmussen, a pharmacist and medical herbalist

Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from plant buds and exudates, mixed with bee enzymes, pollen and wax. The term “propolis” derives fr
References
  1. Sforcin JM. Propolis and the immune system: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;113(1):1–14.

  1. Al-Hariri M. Immune's-boosting agent: Immunomodulation potentials of propolis. J Family Community Med 2019;26(1):57–60.

  1. Schnitzler P, Neuner A, Nolkemper S, et al. Antiviral activity and mode of action of propolis extracts and selected compounds. Phytother Res 2010;24 Suppl 1:S20–28.

  1. Soroy L, Bagus S, Yongkie IP, et al. The effect of a unique propolis compound (Propoelix™) on clinical outcomes in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Infect Drug Resist 2014;7:323–29.

  1. Shimizu T, Hino A, Tsutsumi A, et al. Anti-influenza virus activity of propolis in vitro and its efficacy against influenza infection in mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2008;19(1):7–13.

  1. Mojarab S, Shahbazzadeh D, Moghbeli M, et al. Immune responses to HIV-1 polytope vaccine candidate formulated in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis: Comparable immune responses to Alum and Freund adjuvants. Microb Pathog 2020;140:103932.

  1. Refaat H, Mady FM, Sarhan HA, et al. Optimization and evaluation of propolis liposomes as a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19. Int J Pharm 2021;592:120028.

  1. Berretta AA, Silveira MAD, Cóndor Capcha JM, et al. Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Biomed Pharmacother 2020;131:110622.

  1. Bachevski D, Damevska K, Simeonovski V, et al. Back to the basics: Propolis and COVID-19. Dermatol Ther 2020;33(4):e13780.

  1. Miryan M, Soleimani D, Dehghani L, et al. The effect of propolis supplementation on clinical symptoms in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2020;21(1):996.

  1. Silveira MAD, De Jong D, Berretta AA, et al. Efficacy of Brazilian green propolis (EPP-AF®) as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;138:111526.

  1. Sahlan M, Irdiani R, Flamandita D, et al. Molecular interaction analysis of Sulawesi propolis compounds with SARS-CoV-2 main protease as preliminary study for COVID-19 drug discovery. J King Saud Univ Sci 2021;33(1):101234.

  1. Khayrani AC, Irdiani R, Aditama R, et al. Evaluating the potency of Sulawesi propolis compounds as ACE-2 inhibitors through molecular docking for COVID-19 drug discovery preliminary study. J King Saud Univ Sci 2021;33(2):101297.

  1. Ali AM, Kunugi H. Propolis, Bee Honey, and Their Components Protect against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review of In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Studies. Molecules 2021;26(5):1232.

  1. Braakhuis A. Evidence on the Health Benefits of Supplemental Propolis. Nutrients 2019;11(11):2705.

  1. Jalali M, Ranjbar T, Mosallanezhad Z, et al. Effect of Propolis Intake on Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Complement Ther Med 2020;50:102380.

  1. Governa P, Cusi MG, Borgonetti V, et al. Beyond the Biological Effect of a Chemically Characterized Poplar Propolis: Antibacterial and Antiviral Activity and Comparison with Flurbiprofen in Cytokines Release by LPS-Stimulated Human Mononuclear Cells. Biomedicines 2019;7(4):73.

  1. Meresta L., Meresta T. Effect of pH on bactericidal activity of propolis. Bull Veterina Inst Pulawy 1980;24:21–25.

  1. Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial Properties of Propolis. Molecules 2019;24(11):2047.

  1. Almuhayawi MS. Propolis as a novel antibacterial agent. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020;27(11):3079–86.

  1. Bretz WA, Paulino N, Nör JE, et al. The effectiveness of propolis on gingivitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2014;20(12):943–48.

  1. Pundir AJ, Vishwanath A, Pundir S, et al. One-stage Full Mouth Disinfection Using 20% Propolis Hydroalcoholic Solution: A Clinico-microbiologic Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2017;8(3):416–20.

  1. Skoskiewicz-Malinowska K, Kaczmarek U, Malicka B, et al. Application of Chitosan and Propolis in Endodontic Treatment: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2017;17(5):410–34.

  1. Zulhendri F, Felitti R, Fearnley J, et al. The use of propolis in dentistry, oral health, and medicine: A review. J Oral Biosci 2021;63(1):23–34.

  1. Martinotti S, Pellavio G, Laforenza U, et al. Propolis Induces AQP3 Expression: A Possible Way of Action in Wound Healing. Molecules 2019;24(8):1544.

  1. Abu-Seida AM. Effect of Propolis on Experimental Cutaneous Wound Healing in Dogs. Vet Med Int 2015;2015:672643.

  1. Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Moshiri A. Potential role of propolis in wound healing: Biological properties and therapeutic activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2018;98:469–83.

  1. Kuo CC, Wang RH, Wang HH, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of propolis mouthwash in cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis. Support Care Cancer 2018;26(12):4001–09.

  1. Moon JH, Lee MY, Chung YJ, et al. Effect of Topical Propolis on Wound Healing Process After Tonsillectomy: Randomized Controlled Study. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018;11(2):146–50.

  1. Jautová J, Zelenková H, Drotarová K, et al. Lip creams with propolis special extract GH 2002 0.5% versus aciclovir 5.0% for herpes labialis (vesicular stage) : Randomized, controlled double-blind study. Wien Med Wochenschr 2019;169(7-8):193–201.

  1. Al-Waili N. Mixing two different propolis samples potentiates their antimicrobial activity and wound healing property: A novel approach in wound healing and infection. Vet World 2018;11(8):1188–95.

  1. Chiu HF, Han YC, Shen YC, et al. Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Effect of Propolis and Its Constituents: A Mini-review. J Cancer Prev 2020;25(2):70–78.

  1. Silva H, Francisco R, Saraiva A, et al. The Cardiovascular Therapeutic Potential of Propolis-A Comprehensive Review. Biology (Basel) 2021;10(1):27.

  1. Afsharpour F, Javadi M, Hashemipour S, et al. Propolis supplementation improves glycemic and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2019;43:283–88.

  1. Silveira MAD, Teles F, Berretta AA, et al. Effects of Brazilian green propolis on proteinuria and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Nephrol 2019;20(1):140.

  1. Farooqui T, Farooqui AA. Beneficial effects of propolis on human health and neurological diseases. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012;4:779–93.